字体设计基础（16）复制粘贴

Copy-paste? When you have created a few basic characters, you also want to create the rest of the alphabet. But how? Copy and paste? Euhm, not really. Although, this can help you on the way.

当你设计了几个基本的字符，你还想继续完成整个字母表。该怎样做？复制粘贴？嗯，不完全对，但，也会有助于你的开始。

There are some things which you can do, and some which you cannot do while copy-pasting. Some forms can be just the same. The ascender of the 'l' and 'h' for example. But maybe the bowl of the 'd' and 'q' as well. Once you created a 'd', this could work fine as a starting point for a 'b' and a 'p', by rotating the 'd' 180 degrees.

有些东西是复制粘贴可以完成的，有些则不是。有些形状是完全一样的。比如“l”和“h”的上伸部。“d”和“q”的字碗也有可能是一样的。当你完成了一个“d”，你就可以把这个“d”旋转180度，以此为基础完成“b”和“p”的制作。

Copy-paste should not change the contrast in your typeface. When you make a typeface based on the broad nip, horizontal and vertical flipping will disturb the angle of your contrast, and will destroy your shape. However, by rotating a (part of a) character 180 degrees, the contrast remains perfect and untouched.

复制粘贴不会改变你字体的粗细比率。但如果你设计的是基于平头钢笔书法原型的字体（参见第四节-书法原型），那么水平或垂直镜像的造字方法，就会影响字体粗细对比所形成的角度（译注：对于这个角度，有一个更准确的术语：stress，应力），从而破坏字体的形状。不过，通过把一个字符（或其部件）旋转180度的方法来造字，则不会有损于粗细比率的完美。

But copy-paste doesn't bring you all the way there. It can work as a starting point, but manual adjustments will be mostly necessary. For example, if you have a 'n', you can quite quickly make a 'm' and a 'h', but also a 'u' (see drawing). Copy, paste and rotate the 'n'. Then cut some serifs, and... not ready yet! If you cut away the serifs, also on the inner side of the 'u', the white space inside the 'u' will get bigger then the white space inside the 'n'. This has to be optically corrected.

但复制粘贴大法并不是万能的，它只能作为一个起始点，大部分的时候都需要手工的调校。比如说，你已经有了一个“n”，你不但可以用来快速生成一个“m”和“h”，还可以用它来制作一个“u”（如图）。复制，粘贴，然后旋转这个“n”。切除不要的衬线，然后就…等等，还没完！当你切除了内部的衬线之后，内部的白空间就会比“n”的要大，所以必须进行视觉上的微调。

One solution for this could be to make the 'u' a bit more narrow, or maybe another solution could be to make the serif on the top a bit longer (which also makes the innerform smaller of course). Whatever way you do it, make sure the inner forms have (optically) the same amount of white space. Only in that way you'll get a harmonious rhythm in your type.

一个解决方法是把“u”稍微挤压一点，或者还有另外一个方法，加大内部右上角的衬线，这样也能把内部的白空间减少一些。不管哪种方法，都必须确保字体的内部形状在视觉上拥有同等的白空间。只有这样，你的字体才能够获得和谐的节奏。